Gusenya inkuta, gukubita insinga mu gisenge cyuzuyemo ivumbi, gusiga sima… gutekereza gusa kuvugurura sisitemu ya intercom y'inyubako yawe bishobora gutuma nyir'inzu, umuyobozi w'amazu, cyangwa uwashyizeho ibyuma bishya bitinda. Bite ho iyo haba hari uburyo bwo gutanga umutekano wa videwo ugezweho n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kubikora?ntaUmushinga wo kongera gukoresha insinga uhenze, utwara igihe kinini kandi utwara amashanyarazi? Injira mu ntwari itaramenyekana yo kuvugurura uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere:Sisitemu ya Intercom ya Videwo ifite insinga ebyiri. Iyi si ihinduka rito rya tekiniki gusa, ahubwo ni impinduka mu guhumeka ubuzima bushya mu nyubako zisanzwe.
Uretse iby'ibanze: Impamvu "2-Wire" atari ibisobanuro gusa ku rupapuro rw'ibanze
Ingingo nyinshi zishobora kuvuga ko "insinga ebyiri" ari ikintu cyoroshye gukoresha mu buryo bwa tekiniki. Ariko reka dusuzume byimbitse. Sisitemu gakondo za analog videwo zikoresha intercom akenshi zisaba insinga zitandukanye kuri:
Ingufu:Gukoresha moniteri/station imbere.
Ijwi:Ku bw'itumanaho ry'impande zombi.
Videwo:Kugira ngo wohereze amakuru ya kamera.
Irekurwa ry'urugi:Kugira ngo habeho gufunga/gukubita amashanyarazi.
Rimwe na rimwe amakuru:Ku bindi bikoresho bigezweho cyangwa itumanaho.
Ibyo birashobokaInsinga 5 cyangwa zirenga ku giti cyazokuva kuri sitasiyo yo hanze kugera ku nzu (inzu). Mu bwubatsi bushya, ibi birateganyijwe. Mu nyubako zisanzwe, cyane cyane izishaje zifite inkuta za sima, inyubako za sima, cyangwa amazu yo munsi y’ubutaka yuzuye, gukoresha iyi nsinga nshya nyinshi biba ikibazo gikomeye mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho no mu by’imari.
Impinduramatwara y'Insinga ebyiri: Ubumaji ku Nsinga Ziriho
Dore inkingi y'ubwenge ya sisitemu ifite insinga ebyiri:Yohereza ibimenyetso BYOSE bikenewe - ingufu, videwo, amajwi, n'uburyo bwo kugenzura kohereza urugi - hejuru y'ibyuma bibiri gusa bisanzwe.Tekereza nko gukanda filime ifite imiterere yo hejuru kugira ngo igere neza kuri interineti ishaje. Ikoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo guhindura amakuru n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho ku mpande zombi kugira ngo ishyire aya makuru atandukanye ku nsinga zoroshye.
Impamvu ibi bihindura byose (Ingaruka ku isi nyayo)
Ikiguzi cyagabanutse cyane:Igiciro kinini mu kuvugurura intercom ishaje akenshi ni ibikoresho ubwabyo; ni akazi n'ibikoresho byo gukoresha insinga nshya. Binyuze mu gukoresha ibikorwa remezo by'insinga ebyiri (bikunze kugaragara mu nyubako zubatswe mu myaka irenga 40 ishize zari zifite intercom z'amajwi z'ibanze), sisitemu z'insinga ebyiri zikuraho iki kiguzi hafi ya cyose. Nta mpamvu y'uko abahanga mu by'amashanyarazi bamara iminsi baroba insinga, basana insinga zo mu ruziga, cyangwa babangamira abapangayi.
Kubangamira bike, byoroshye cyane:Tekereza kuvugurura umutekano wawe udahinduye inzu yawe cyangwa inyubako yawe ahantu ho kubaka. Imiterere y'insinga ebyiri akenshi iba isukuye cyane kandi yihuta. Sitasiyo yo hanze isimbuza buto ishaje, maze ecran yo mu nzu ihuzwa n'insinga zisanzwe. Guhagarika ibintu biguma ku rugero ruto cyane - inyungu nini ku mazu atuwemo n'abantu benshi, inyubako za kera, amazu akodeshwa, n'ubucuruzi buhuze.
Gufungura umutekano ugezweho mu nyubako "zidakoraho":Inyubako za kera zifite amategeko akaze yo kubungabunga, amagorofa maremare ya sima, inyubako zifite ibibazo bya asbestos, cyangwa imitungo ifite ubuso buhambaye burangiye akenshi irwanya ivugurura rya gakondo. Ikoranabuhanga rya 2-insinga rinyura kuri izi mbogamizi, rituma kugenzura amashusho bigezweho, kwinjira kure, no kurekura inzugi z'ikoranabuhanga aho mbere byafatwaga nk'ibidashoboka cyangwa bihenze cyane.
Gushobora Kwaguka Byoroshye:Kongeramo izindi ecran zo mu nzu (nk'uko bimeze mu cyumba cyo kuraramo cyangwa mu biro bya kabiri) akenshi biba bishoboka kuko utagorwa no gukoresha insinga nshya zikomeye zisubira aho winjirira. Ushobora gukoresha kenshi insinga ebyiri zisanzwe ahantu heza.
Gushyiramo byihuse no kubona inyungu ku musaruro:Abashyiramo ibikoresho barangiza akazi vuba. Ba nyir'amazu babona inyungu ku ishoramari vuba cyane bitewe n'ibiciro byo gushyiraho ibikoresho biri hasi ndetse n'inyungu z'umutekano/imikorere byihuse.
Ni gute iyi Alchemy y'ikoranabuhanga ikora? (Icyitonderwa munsi y'ijisho)
Nubwo ibintu byihariye bitandukanye bitewe n'uruganda, amahame y'ingenzi akubiyemo:
Guhinduranya no Guhinduranya:Sisitemu ihuza ibimenyetso bitandukanye (ingufu za DC, videwo ya analog/digital, amajwi ya analog/digital, na DC pulses kugira ngo umuryango urekurwe) ku nsinga ebyiri icyarimwe. Ibi bikunze kugerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo nka Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) cyangwa digitale encoding igezweho.
Imicungire y'Ingufu z'Ubwenge:Sitasiyo yo mu nzu itanga amashanyarazi ya DC anyura ku nsinga ebyiri zijya kuri sitasiyo yo hanze. Iyi ngufu icungwa neza kandi akenshi ikoresha voltage nyinshi (urugero, 24V) kugira ngo igabanye igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi mu gihe insinga zigenda igihe kirekire.
Gutandukanya ibimenyetso:Sitasiyo yo hanze yohereza ibimenyetso byahinduwe birimo videwo n'amajwi. Sitasiyo yo mu nzu ifite imiyoboro yo gukuramo iki kimenyetso, bigatandukanya uburyo amashusho n'amajwi anyuramo.
Ibimenyetso byo kurekura umuryango:Itegeko riva muri sitasiyo yo mu nzu (ukanda buto "fungura umuryango") rikunze kohereza voltage cyangwa amashanyarazi runaka bimanuka mu nsinga zijya kuri sitasiyo yo hanze, hanyuma bigatera relay igenzura ingufuri/ingufuri z'amashanyarazi. Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zigezweho zikoresha amabwiriza ya digitale yanditswe kuri ibi.
Guhakana ibinyoma: Icyo ibyuma bibiri bishobora gukora (n'ibyo bidashobora gukora)
Ikinyoma: “2-wire bisobanura ubuziranenge buke.”
Ukuri:Sisitemu zigezweho z’insinga ebyiri zitanga videwo nziza cyane (akenshi 720p cyangwa 1080p), amajwi meza ya digitale, ndetse n’irembo ryizewe. Ikoranabuhanga ryarakuze cyane. Nubwo sisitemu za IP zikoresha insinga nyinshi zishobora gutanga videwo nziza gato mu bihe bikomeye cyangwa mu buryo bugoye bwo guhuza, icyuho cya porogaramu zisanzwe z’umutekano ni gito cyane ku bakoresha benshi.
Ikinyoma: “Ikora gusa mu ntera ngufi cyane.”
Ukuri:Sisitemu nziza z'insinga ebyiri zagenewe gukora mu ntera ndende - akenshi metero 300 (metero 1000) cyangwa zirenga ku nsinga zisanzwe za 18-22 AWG. Izi nsinga zikwirakwira mu mazu menshi y'umuryango umwe, amazu y'amagorofa, n'amazu mato y'ubucuruzi. Imikorere iterwa n'igipimo cy'insinga n'ubwiza.
Ikinyoma: “Ni ukuvugurura amajwi by’ibanze gusa.”
Ukuri:Uku ni ukutumvikana gukomeye! Sisitemu zigezweho z'insinga ebyiri nitelefoni zo kuri interinetiMbere na mbere. Batanga videwo imbonankubone, ibiganiro by'inzira ebyiri, no kurekura umuryango - imirimo y'ingenzi ya sisitemu igezweho yo kwinjira. Inyinshi muri iki gihe zirimo ibintu nka:
Ikorana n'insinga cyangwa WiFi kugira ngo ihuzwe na terefone zigendanwa (reba, vuga, fungura uri kure).
Guhuza na porogaramu zigezweho zo mu rugo (Google Home, Alexa kugira ngo hamenyekane amatangazo).
Kureba nijoro (LEDs zo mu kirere).
Ibimenyesha ko hari aho bigenda.
Ubushobozi bwo kongeramo sitasiyo nyinshi zo mu nzu cyangwa sitasiyo z'inyongera z'umuryango.
Ibintu Byiza: Aho 2-Wire Irabagirana By'ukuri
Gusimbuza Intercom z'amajwi za kera:Aha niho hantu heza. Niba ufite sisitemu ishaje yo "gutangaza" ikoresha insinga ebyiri, intercom y'amashusho y'insinga ebyiri ni inzira nziza kandi iboneye yo kuvugurura.
Kuvugurura inyubako z'amateka:Kubungabunga ubusugire bw'inyubako mu gihe wongeraho umutekano wo mu kinyejana cya 21. Irinde kwangiza sima y'umwimerere, ibishushanyo, cyangwa ibintu by'imiterere.
Inyubako z'Inzu n'Inzu z'Abakodesha Abantu Batandukanye:Kuzamura umutekano n'uburyo bworoshye bitabangamiye abaturage cyangwa ngo bihuze n'insinga zikomeye zinyura mu bice bihuriweho n'abantu benshi. Koresha insinga zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu bice bitandukanye.
Inyubako za beto cyangwa iz'amabuye:Irinde ingorane nyinshi n'igiciro cyo guconga beto kugira ngo ukoreshe insinga nshya za conductor nyinshi.
Amazu yo gukodesha:Gutanga umutekano/ivugurura ry’agaciro ry’inzu vuba kandi ku buryo buhendutse hagati y’abapangayi.
Amazu afite amazu yo munsi y'ubutaka yuzuye cyangwa imitako igoye:Nta mpamvu yo gushwanyaguza ibisenge byarangiye cyangwa gucukura mu busitani buhambaye.
Ivugurura rishingiye ku ngengo y'imari:Kugera ku mutekano wa videwo ugezweho nta giciro cyiza gifitanye isano no kongera gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Guhitamo Sisitemu Ikwiye ya Intercom ya Videwo ifite insinga ebyiri: Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho
Emeza ko insinga zihari:Genzura ko ufite insinga ebyiri zigenda hagati y’aho sitasiyo yo hanze iherereye n’aho imbere iherereye. Reba neza insinga zipima (18-22 AWG ni ibisanzwe). Insinga zishaje, ntoya, cyangwa zangiritse zishobora gutera ibibazo.
Ireme rya videwo:Shaka ubushobozi bwo kureba bwa HD (nibura 720p, 1080p ni byiza) n'inguni yagutse yo kureba (dogere 120+ ugororotse). Imiterere myiza yo kureba mu rumuri ruto/ijoro ni ingenzi cyane.
Uburyo bwo kwinjira kure n'ibiranga ubwenge:Urashaka uburyo bwo kugenzura telefoni zigendanwa? Reba niba sisitemu itanga ibi binyuze kuri porogaramu yihariye (akenshi isaba module yihariye ya interineti ihujwe na sitasiyo yo mu nzu binyuze kuri Ethernet cyangwa WiFi). Tekereza guhuza n'abakoresha ijwi niba ubyifuza.
Kwaguka:Ese ushobora kongeramo izindi ecran zo mu nzu byoroshye? Ese ushobora kongeramo sitasiyo y'umuryango wa kabiri (urugero, ku irembo ry'inyuma)? Sobanukirwa aho sisitemu igarukira.
Guhuza irekurwa ry'urugi:Menya neza ko sitasiyo yo hanze ifite relay yubatswemo ijyanye n'ingufuri y'amashanyarazi isanzwe cyangwa strike (reba niba ingufu z'amashanyarazi/amashanyarazi zikenewe – 12V DC cyangwa 24V AC ni ibintu bisanzwe). Menya uburyo ingufu z'ingufuri zikoreshwa.
Kubaka Ubwiza n'Ubudahangarwa bw'Ikirere:Sitasiyo yo hanze igomba kuba ifite amanota ajyanye n'ikirere cyawe (reba amanota ya IP65 cyangwa IP66 ku bijyanye n'umukungugu n'amazi). Ibyuma biramba kurusha pulasitiki.
Ireme ry'amajwi:Menya neza ko amajwi yuzuye (atuma habaho kuvuga no kumva icyarimwe neza) ndetse no guhagarika urusaku.
Izina ry'ikirango n'ubufasha:Hitamo ibirango bizwi bifite ubufasha bwiza mu bya tekiniki n'inyandiko zisobanutse neza. Soma ibitekerezo byigenga.
Ahazaza ha 2-Wire: Haracyari impinduka
Nubwo sisitemu za IP-over-Ethernet ari zo ziganza inyubako nshya, ikoranabuhanga rya "2-insinga" ntirirahagaze. Turimo kubona:
Inkunga y'Ubushobozi bwo Kuzamuka:Sisitemu zirenga 1080p.
Ibiranga ubuhanga byongerewe:Guhuza byimbitse n'ibidukikije by'amazu agezweho na sisitemu yo gucunga inyubako.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukanda no gukora neza:Kwemerera gukoresha insinga igihe kirekire cyangwa gukora neza kurushaho ku nsinga zisanzweho.
Ubushobozi bw'Ihuriro:Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zitanga PoE (Power over Ethernet) yinyongera kuri 2-insinga, zitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiraho ibintu bigoye cyangwa kuvugurura igice.
Umwanzuro: Inzira yo kuvugurura mu buryo bw'ubwenge irasobanutse neza
Ntureke ubwoba bwo kongera gukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi no guhungabanya umutekano w'inzu yawe bugufashe kuvugurura umutekano n'uburyohe bw'inzu yawe.Sisitemu zo guhamagara amashusho zifite insinga ebyiri si ubwumvikane buke; ni igisubizo gigezweho kandi cyubatswe ku ntego zo guhangana n’ikibazo gikomeye mu buzima busanzwe.Bagaragaza intsinzi y'ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga, bituma uburyo bwo kugenzura amashusho bwiza kandi bufatika aho butashoboraga gukoreshwa mbere.
Ku ba nyir'amazu bashaka urugi rwiza rw'imbere, abacunga imitungo bakeneye kuvugurura ku giciro gito, abashyiraho ibikoresho bashaka ibisubizo binoze, cyangwa abashinzwe kubungabunga inyubako z'amateka babungabunga amateka mu gihe bibuka ahazaza, uburyo bwo kumviriza amashusho bw'insinga ebyiri ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi. Buhindura ivugurura "ridashoboka" mu mushinga woroshye, butanga umutekano ugezweho, uburyo bworoshye, n'amahoro yo mu mutima ukoresheje insinga ebyiri zoroshye. Mbere yo kwishyira mu kaga no gukoresha amafaranga yo kongera gukoresha insinga, suzuma ubushobozi bukomeye bw'ikoranabuhanga ry'insinga ebyiri - ibikorwa remezo by'inyubako yawe bishobora kuba ari byo bitanga ingenzi ku hazaza hayo heza kandi hatekanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-06-2025