Intercom zo hanze zitekanye: Uburyo bwo gukuraho Cyber ​​backdoors no kurinda network yawe

Kubera ko intercom zo hanze za IP zisimbura vuba sisitemu zisanzwe za analog, zirimo zivugurura uburyo ducunga uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo abantu binjira n'uburyo barinda umutekano w'inzugi z'imbere. Ariko, inyuma yo koroshya uburyo bwo kugera kure no guhuza ikoranabuhanga mu bicu hari ibyago byinshi byo gukoresha interineti kandi akenshi bitafatwa nk'iby'ukuri. Iyo hatabayeho uburinzi bukwiye, intercom zo hanze za IP zishobora guhinduka urujya n'uruza rwihishe mu muyoboro wawe wose.

Iterambere ryihuse rya sisitemu za IP zo hanze

Guhindura uburyo bwo guhamagara amashusho bushingiye kuri analog kugera kuri IP ntabwo bikiri amahitamo—bibera ahantu hose. Icyahoze ari uburyo bworoshye bwo guhamagara buhuzwa n'insinga z'umuringa cyahindutse uburyo bwo guhamagara bwa IP bwo hanze bufite umuyoboro wuzuye bukoresha sisitemu y'imikorere yashyizwemo, akenshi ishingiye kuri Linux. Ibi bikoresho byohereza amajwi, amashusho, n'ibimenyetso byo kugenzura nk'amakuru, bikora neza nka mudasobwa zihujwe na interineti zishyizwe ku nkuta zo hanze.

Impamvu Intercom za IP ziri ahantu hose

Uburyo bworoshye kumva. Sisitemu zigezweho zo hanze zikoresha videwo zitanga ibintu birushaho kunoza uburyo bworoshye no kugenzura:

• Uburyo bwo kwinjira kuri telefoni zigendanwa butuma abakoresha bashobora kwakira inzugi aho bari hose bakoresheje porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa

• Ububiko bwa videwo bushingiye ku bicu butuma inyandiko z'abashyitsi ziboneka uko babikeneye

• Guhuza neza amatara n'amatara, kugenzura uburyo abantu binjira, na sisitemu zikora ku buryo bwikora

Ariko ubu buryo bworoshye buza no kugabanya. Buri gikoresho gihujwe na interineti gishyizwe hanze cyongera ibyago byo kwangirika mu mutekano wa IoT.

Ingaruka zo Gushyiramo Inzu Ziri Inyuma ku Bikoresho bya Cyber: Ibyo Abantu Benshi Babura mu Gushyiramo Inzu

Interikomu ya IP yo hanze ikunze gushyirwa hanze y’inkuta ifatika, ariko ikaba ihujwe neza n’umuyoboro w’imbere. Ibi bituma iba imwe mu nyubako zikurura abagizi ba nabi bo kuri interineti.

Uburyo bwo kwinjira kuri interineti bufatika binyuze kuri za Ports za Ethernet zigaragara

Inyubako nyinshi zisiga imiyoboro ya Ethernet iri inyuma y’ikibaho cya intercom. Iyo faceplate ikuweho, umuntu utera ashobora:

• Shyira mu mugozi w'itumanaho uhoraho (live network)

• Ibikoresho by'umutekano byo mu mupaka wa kure

• Tangiza isuzuma ry'imbere utinjiriye mu nyubako

Hatabayeho umutekano wa Ethernet port (802.1x), iki "gitero cyo guhagarika imodoka" kiba cyoroshye cyane.

Inzira za SIP zitari mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki n'ibitero by'abantu bari hagati

Intercom za IP zo hanze zihendutse cyangwa zishaje akenshi zohereza amajwi n'amashusho hakoreshejwe protocole za SIP zitari mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Ibi bifungura amarembo kuri:

• Gutega amatwi ibiganiro byihariye

• Gusubiramo ibitero bikoresha ibimenyetso byo gufungura

• Gufata impapuro z'ibanga mu gihe cyo gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhamagara

Gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gusimbuza SIP ukoresheje TLS na SRTP ntabwo bikiri amahitamo—ni ngombwa cyane.

Gukoresha Botnet no kwitabira DDoS

Intercom zidakingiwe neza ni zo zigomba kwibasirwa cyane na botnets za IoT nka Mirai. Iyo igikoresho kimaze kwangirika, gishobora:

• Kwitabira ibitero binini bya DDoS

• Koresha bandwidth hanyuma ugabanye umuyoboro wawe

• Tera ko IP yawe rusange ishyirwa ku rutonde rw'ababura

Ibi bituma kugabanya DDoS botnet biba ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo gutekerezaho ku ishyirwa ry'interuro za IP zo hanze.

Amakosa asanzwe mu mutekano mu bijyanye no kohereza amakuru ajyanye na IP hanze

Ndetse n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu rwego rwo hejuru biba ikibazo iyo amategeko y'ibanze agenga umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga yirengagijwe.

Amagambo y'ibanga asanzweho n'impamyabumenyi z'uruganda

Gusiga ibyangombwa by’uruganda bidahindutse ni bumwe mu buryo bwihuse bwo gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugenzura igikoresho. Robot zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zihora zishakisha aho zinjira mu buryo bwazo, bigatuma sisitemu zitinjira mu minota mike nyuma yo gushyirwaho.

Nta gutandukanya urusobe rw'amakuru

Iyo intercom zikoresha umuyoboro umwe n'ibikoresho by'umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa seriveri z'ubucuruzi, abagaba igitero babona amahirwe yo kugenda ku ruhande. Hatabayeho gutandukanya imiyoboro y'itumanaho n'ibikoresho by'umutekano, gucika ku muryango w'imbere bishobora kwiyongera bikaba imbogamizi ku muyoboro wose.

Firmware ya kera na Patch yo kutita ku bintu byayo

Intercom nyinshi zo hanze zikora imyaka myinshi nta kuvugurura firmware. Ubu buryo bwo "gushyiraho no kwibagirwa" butuma intege nke zizwi zitagaragara kandi byoroshye kuzikoresha.

Kwishingikiriza ku bicu nta birindiro

Intercom zishingiye ku bicu zizana izindi ngaruka:

• Guhungabanya serivisi za seriveri bishobora gushyira ahagaragara amakuru y’impamyabumenyi n’amakuru ya videwo

• API z'intege nke zishobora kuzana amashusho ya videwo imbonankubone

• Guhagarara kwa interineti bishobora kubangamira imikorere yo kugenzura imikorere y'abantu

Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda itumanaho rya IP ryo hanze

Kugira ngo hirindwe komu za IP zo hanze zidahinduka inzugi zo mu rugo, zigomba gufatwa nk'izindi endpoint zose z'umuyoboro.

Gutandukanya Intercom ukoresheje VLAN

Gushyira intercom kuri VLAN yihariye bigabanya kwangirika nubwo igikoresho cyaba cyangiritse. Abatera ntibashobora kwimukira kuri sisitemu zoroshye.

Shyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cya 802.1x

Hamwe no kwemeza umuyoboro wa 802.1x, ibikoresho byemewe byo kuri interineti ni byo byonyine bishobora guhuza umuyoboro. Mudasobwa zigendanwa zitemewe cyangwa ibikoresho by’ubujura bihita bifungwa.

Koresha uburyo bwo kubika amakuru yose

• TLS yo gutanga ibimenyetso bya SIP

• SRTP yo gukoresha amajwi n'amashusho

• HTTPS yo gushyiraho imbuga za interineti

Gukoresha uburyo bwo gushakisha amakuru butuma amakuru yafashwe adasomwa kandi adakoreshwa.

Ongeraho uburyo bwo gupima ibintu mu buryo bufatika

Inzogera zihagarika impanuka, ubutumwa bwihuse, no kuzimya imiyoboro y'itumanaho byikora bitanga icyizere ko impanuka zihita zitera ibikorwa byo kwirwanaho.

Ibitekerezo bya nyuma: Umutekano utangirira ku muryango w'imbere

Intercom zo hanze za IP ni ibikoresho bikomeye—ariko iyo zikoreshejwe neza gusa. Kuzifata nk'inzogera zoroshye aho kuzifata nk'imashini zikoresha interineti bitera ibyago bikomeye byo kuri interineti. Iyo habayeho uburyo bwo gushakisha amakuru, kuyatandukanya, kuyagenzura no kuyarinda, intercom zo hanze za IP zishobora koroshya umutekano nta kibazo.