Iterambere ryihuse rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ririmo guhindura cyane akazi n'imibereho y'abantu. Byazamuye cyane imikorere myiza y'akazi kandi bituma ubuzima bwa buri munsi bworoha kandi burushaho kumererwa neza, ariko byanazanye imbogamizi nshya z'umutekano, nko kuba umutekano uterwa n'ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga nabi. Imibare igaragaza ko 76% by'abayobozi b'ikoranabuhanga bavuze ko ibibangamira sisitemu z'umutekano byiyongereye mu mwaka ushize. Muri icyo gihe, igihombo cyiyongereye cyane. Nk'uko raporo ya IBM ibivuga, muri 2024, igihombo cy'impuzandengo ku bigo kubera buri kibazo cy'amakuru (nk'ihungabana ry'ubucuruzi, igihombo cy'abakiriya, igisubizo cyakurikiyeho, ikiguzi cy'amategeko n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko, nibindi) kizaba kiri hejuru cyane kugeza kuri miliyoni 4.88 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ubwiyongere bwa 10% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize.
Nk'urwego rwa mbere rwo kurinda umutekano w'umutungo w'ikigo n'abakozi bacyo, inshingano y'ingenzi ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwinjira (guha abakoresha bagenwe uburenganzira bwo kugera ahantu habujijwe mu gihe ubuza abakozi batabifitiye uburenganzira kwinjira) ishobora gusa n'aho yoroshye, ariko amakuru itunganya ni ingenzi cyane kandi yumvikana. Kubwibyo, umutekano wa sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwinjira ni ingenzi cyane. Ibigo bigomba gutangirira mu buryo rusange no kubaka sisitemu yuzuye y'umutekano, harimo no kwemeza ikoreshwa rya sisitemu zikora neza kandi zizewe zo kugenzura ubwinjira kugira ngo zihangane n'ikibazo cy'umutekano w'umuyoboro ugenda urushaho kuba ingorabahizi.
Iyi nkuru izasuzuma isano iri hagati ya sisitemu zo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira n'umutekano w'umuyoboro, inasangize inama nziza zo kunoza umutekano w'umuyoboro w'isitemu zo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira.
Isano iri hagati ya sisitemu zo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira mu buryo bufatika (PACS) n'umutekano w'umuyoboro
Isano iri hagati ya sisitemu yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira mu buryo bufatika (PACS) n'umutekano w'umuyoboro
Yaba sisitemu yawe yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira mu itumanaho yigenga cyangwa ifitanye isano n'izindi sisitemu z'umutekano cyangwa ndetse na sisitemu z'ikoranabuhanga, gushimangira umutekano wa sisitemu zo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira mu itumanaho biri kugira uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano w'ikigo muri rusange, cyane cyane umutekano w'umuyoboro w'itumanaho. Umuyobozi wa Steven, Umuyobozi w'Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura no gushushanya inganda, HID Access Control Solutions Business (Aziya y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi na Ositaraliya), yagaragaje ko buri sano riri muri sisitemu yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira mu itumanaho rikubiyemo gutunganya no kohereza amakuru y'ibanga. Ibigo ntibigomba gusuzuma umutekano wa buri gice ubwacyo gusa, ahubwo bigomba no kwita ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo kohereza amakuru hagati y'ibice kugira ngo umutekano wose ukomeze kubungabungwa.
Bityo rero, turasaba gushyiraho urwego "rw’ibanze" rushingiye ku byo ikigo gikeneye mu mutekano, ni ukuvuga kubanza gushyiraho urwego rw’umutekano, hanyuma tukaruvugurura buhoro buhoro kugira ngo turinde sisitemu yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira n’umutekano w’umuyoboro.
1. Impapuro z'ibanga (kohereza amakuru ku musomyi w'amakarita y'ibanga)
Ibintu by'ibanze: Impapuro z'ibanga (harimo amakarita asanzwe yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira, impapuro z'ibanga zigendanwa, nibindi) ni zo nzira ya mbere yo kurinda sisitemu zo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira. Turasaba ko amasosiyete ahitamo ikoranabuhanga ry'impapuro z'ibanga rifite uburinzi bukomeye kandi rigoye gukoporora, nka 13.56MHz smart card zifite uburinzi buhamye kugira ngo zongere ubunyangamugayo; amakuru abitswe kuri karita agomba kuba ahishe kandi arinzwe, nka AES 128, ari na yo isanzwe ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi. Mu gihe cyo kwemeza umwirondoro, amakuru yoherezwa kuva ku mpapuro z'ibanga kugeza ku musomyi w'ikarita agomba kandi gukoresha protocole y'itumanaho ihishe kugira ngo hirindwe ko amakuru yibwa cyangwa ngo akoreshwe mu gihe cyo kohereza amakuru.
Iterambere: Umutekano w'ibyangombwa ushobora kunozwa kurushaho hakoreshejwe ingamba z'ingenzi zo gucunga no guhitamo igisubizo cyageragejwe kandi cyemejwe n'undi muntu.
2. Umusomyi w'ikarita (Gutanga amakuru ku musomyi-ugenzura)
Ishingiro: Isoma ry'ikarita ni ikiraro kiri hagati y'ikarita y'ibanga n'igenzura. Ni byiza guhitamo isoma ry'ikarita rifite ikarita igezweho ya 13.56MHz ikoresha uburyo bwo gufunga amakuru kugira ngo yongere ubuziranenge kandi ifite ikintu gitekanye cyo kubika imfunguzo zo gufunga amakuru. Kohereza amakuru hagati y'isoma ry'ikarita n'igenzura bigomba gukorwa binyuze mu buryo bwo gufunga amakuru kugira ngo hirindwe ko amakuru yangirika cyangwa yibwe.
Iterambere: Ivugurura n'ivugurura ry'ikarita risoma rigomba gucungwa binyuze muri porogaramu yemewe yo kubungabunga (atari ikarita igenamiterere) kugira ngo firmware n'igenamiterere ry'ikarita risoma rihore riri mu mutekano.
3. Umugenzuzi
Ishingiro: Umugenzuzi afite inshingano zo gukorana n'impapuro z'ibanga n'abasoma amakarita, gutunganya no kubika amakuru y'ibanga yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira. Turakugira inama yo gushyira umugenzuzi mu gipangu cyizewe kidahinduka, guhuza na LAN yihariye, no guhagarika izindi mbuga zishobora guteza ibyago (nk'imbuga za USB na SD card, no kuvugurura firmware na patches ku gihe) mu gihe bitari ngombwa.
Imbere: Aderesi za IP zemewe ni zo zonyine zishobora guhuzwa n'umugenzuzi, kandi zigatuma uburyo bwo gufunga amakuru bukoreshwa mu kurinda amakuru ari ahantu hatembera no mu nzira kugira ngo umutekano urusheho kwiyongera.
4. Seriveri igenzura uburenganzira bwo kwinjira n'umukiriya
Ishingiro: Seriveri na client ni ububiko bw'amakuru n'urubuga rw'imikorere rwa sisitemu yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira, ishinzwe kwandika ibikorwa no gutuma amashyirahamwe ashobora guhindura no guhindura imiterere. Umutekano w'impande zombi ntushobora kwirengagizwa. Ni byiza kubika seriveri na client mu muyoboro wizewe wa virtual local area network (VLAN) no guhitamo igisubizo gihuye n'ubuzima bw'ikoranabuhanga (SDLC).
Iterambere: Muri uru rwego, binyuze mu gupfundikira amakuru n'amakuru adahinduka mu nzira, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ry'umutekano w'umuyoboro nka firewalls na sisitemu zo gutahura kwinjira mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo birinde umutekano wa seriveri n'abakiriya, kandi buri gihe bikora ivugurura rya sisitemu no gusana ibibazo kugira ngo hirindwe ko abajura bakoresha ibibazo bya sisitemu bakwinjira.
Umwanzuro
Muri iki gihe, ibintu biteye ubwoba birimo guhinduka, guhitamo umufatanyabikorwa ukwiye wa PACS (uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga) ni ingenzi kimwe no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiye.
Muri iki gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga n’ubwenge, sisitemu zo kugenzura imikorere n’umutekano w’umuyoboro birafitanye isano rya hafi. Ibigo bigomba gutangirira mu buryo rusange, bikita ku mutekano w’umubiri n’uw’umuyoboro, kandi bikubaka sisitemu yuzuye y’umutekano. Uhisemo igisubizo cya PACS cyujuje ibisabwa mu mutekano, ushobora kubaka umurongo w’umutekano ukomeye w’ikigo cyawe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2025