Mu gihe gishishikajwe n'ibintu byose by'ubwenge - imikoranire mu bicu, inyunganizi za porogaramu, n'ahantu hafite ibintu byinshi - intwari yicisha bugufi irakomeza.Sisitemu ya intercom ifite insinga ebyiri, akenshi ifatwa nk'"ikoranabuhanga rya kera," ntabwo ikiriho gusa; ahubwo itanga isomo ry'ikirenga muriitumanaho rihamye, ryizewe kandi ryiza cyane. Wibagirwe inzozi mbi zikomeye zo gufunga insinga no kuvugurura porogaramu. Iyi ni inkuru y'uburyo insinga ebyiri zoroshye zitanga umutekano ukomeye, ibiganiro bisobanutse neza, n'ibigezweho bitangaje, bigaragaza ko rimwe na rimwe, bike mu by'ukuri ari byinshi. Reka twongere tuvumbure ubuhanga budasanzwe bwa intercom y'insinga ebyiri.
Uretse Kuzirikana Imyaka Yashize: ADN Ihoraho y'ikoranabuhanga rya 2-Wire
Wibagirwe amashusho y'ibisigazwa by'insinga ebyiri bicuramye. Intercom zigezweho zifite insinga ebyiri zikoresha imyaka myinshi yo kunoza. Ihame ry'ingenzi riracyari ryoroshye cyane: insinga ebyiri zitwara ingufu n'ibimenyetso byose by'itumanaho (amajwi, kurekura inzugi, rimwe na rimwe ndetse na videwo y'ibanze) hagati ya sitasiyo nkuru (imbere) na sitasiyo nto (sitasiyo z'inzugi, izindi nzu). Ibi bitandukanye cyane na:
Sisitemu z'insinga 4:Insinga zitandukanye zo gukoresha ingufu, kohereza amajwi, kwakira amajwi, no kurekura inzugi. Gushyiraho ibintu bigoye cyane, ni byo bishobora gutuma habaho kwangirika.
Sisitemu za IP:Bisaba insinga zikozwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (Cat5 / 6), swichi za network, routers, na internet/power yizewe kuri Ethernet (PoE). Ubugoranye n’uburyo bwo gukoresha internet byiyongera cyane.
Akamaro k'imirongo ibiri: Impamvu ubworoherane butsinda
Uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu neza no gukoresha neza ikiguzi:
Insinga ntoya:Gukoresha insinga imwe izunguruka (akenshi insinga isanzwe ifite voltage nke nka 18/2 cyangwa 22/2) ni byihuse cyane, bihendutse, kandi ntibibangamira cyane kurusha gukurura insinga nyinshi cyangwa udusanduku twa Cat6, cyane cyane mu nyubako zisanzwe (guhindura insinga ni inzozi).
Ubworoshye bwa Daisy-Chain:Sitasiyo zihuzwa mu buryo bworoshye (umunyururu wa daisy). Koresha insinga kuva kuri master, kugeza kuri sitasiyo ya 1, hanyuma ukagera kuri sitasiyo ya 2, n'ibindi. Nta nzu igoye isubira ku gice cyo hagati kuri buri gice.
Ikiguzi cy'abakozi gito:Kugabanya ubukana bw'insinga bivamo igihe gito cyo kuyishyiraho n'ikiguzi gito. Abakora amashanyarazi cyangwa abakora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga barashobora kubikora.
Uburyo bwo kwaguka:Kongeraho indi sitasiyo? Agura umugozi w'insinga uvuye kuri unit ya nyuma mu mugozi. Nta mpamvu yo kongeramo imiyoboro kuri controller yo hagati.
Kwizerwa no Kwigenga mu buryo Bukomeye:
Nta mikorere y'urusobe rw'itumanaho:Ikora ku buryo bwuzuye ku murongo wayo ufunze. Nta gucika kwa interineti, nta Wi-Fi ivamo, nta rutare itangira gukora, cyangwa umuyoboro w’itumanaho ubuza abantu kwinjira mu itumanaho cyangwa kwinjira mu muryango.
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amashanyarazi:Akenshi ikoreshwa mu gukorana na transfoma zifite voltage nke (urugero, 12-24V AC cyangwa DC). Inyinshi muri zo zirimo uburyo bwo kubika bateri kuri sitasiyo nkuru, zigatuma habaho imikorere y'ibanze yo guhamagara no kurekura umuryango mu gihe umuriro wabuze - ikintu cy'ingenzi mu by'umutekano.
Ingingo nke zo gutsindwa:Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukwirakwiza insinga n'imiyoboro mike bigabanya umubare w'ibice bishobora kwangirika. Ikoranabuhanga rya analog/digital hybrid ryagaragaye kandi rihamye.
Ubudahangarwa ku Bitero by'Ikoranabuhanga:Nta aderesi ya IP = nta gukoresha uburyo bwa "hacking", nta porogaramu za malware, nta bibazo by'ubuzima bwite bw'amakuru bifitanye isano no kubika amakuru mu bicu cyangwa kwangiza imiyoboro y'itumanaho. Umutekano usanzwe kandi utunganye.
Igitangaje ni uko Imikorere ya none:
Ubumenyi bw'ikoranabuhanga:Imikoreshereze ya sisitemu zigezweho z'insinga ebyiriGutunganya Amajwi y'Ikoranabuhanga (DSP)Iyi si intercom ya analoge ya sogokuru wawe. DSP itanga:
Ikiganiro cyuzuye cya Duplex:Vugana kandi wumve icyarimwe, nk'aho ari telefoni. Nta "gusunika ngo uvuge".
Guhagarika urusaku:Ikuraho umuyaga wo inyuma, urusaku rw'imodoka, cyangwa urusaku rw'inzira mu nzira yo ku irembo.
Ijwi Rinogejwe:Ishusho y'amajwi isobanutse kandi isanzwe.
Guhuza Irekurwa ry'Urugi:Uburyo bwo kugenzura inzugi zifunguye neza kandi zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa uburyo bwo kuzifunga hakoreshejwe magnetique ni ingenzi kandi ni ako kanya.
Kwagura Moduli:Sisitemu nyinshi zishyigikira kongeramo sitasiyo z'inzugi za videwo (kohereza videwo y'ibanze ku nsinga ebyiri zimwe!), izindi telefoni zigendanwa, sitasiyo za koridoro, cyangwa se module zo guhuza ibikorwa by'ibanze byo mu rugo (nk'ugucana itara ryo ku ibaraza iyo inzogera y'umuryango ikanze).
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora:
Gukoresha mu buryo bw'ubushishozi:Fata telefoni, vuga. Kanda buto kugira ngo ukingure urugi. Nta porogaramu zo gukuramo, nta konti zo gukora, nta menu zo gukoresha. Biroroshye kuri buri wese - abana, abageze mu zabukuru, abashyitsi.
Igenamiterere rya Zero:Ubusanzwe, plug-and-play nyuma yo gukoresha insinga. Nta aderesi za IP zo gutanga, nta porogaramu zo gushyiraho, nta mbuga zo mu bicu zo gucunga.
Imikorere yihariye:Ikora neza mu nshingano zayo z'ingenzi - kurinda uburyo bwo kugera ku mutungo no gutumanaho - idashaka kuba ikigo cy'imyidagaduro gigezweho.
Aho Sentinel y'imirongo ibiri imurika by'ukuri: Porogaramu nziza
Iki si igisubizo cy'ibigo binini, ariko umwihariko wabyo ni munini kandi ni ingenzi:
Inzu zo guturamo nyinshi (MDUs) – Nto kugeza ku gipimo giciriritse:
Inyubako z'Inzu (3-20):Umutekano wo kwinjira mu buryo buhendutse. Sitasiyo nkuru mu biro by'umuyobozi cyangwa ahantu rusange, sitasiyo nto muri buri gice. Gucunga byoroheje abashyitsi.
Imiryango ifite amarembo (Inzu y'abarinzi):Huza sitasiyo nkuru y'inzu y'abarinzi n'amasitasiyo yo mu mazu y'ubwiherero cyangwa mu mazu y'umujyi kugira ngo harebwe abashyitsi kandi habeho irembo/umuryango uva kure.
Inzu zo mu biro:Kwinjira mu buryo bwizewe mu cyumba cy’inyubako rusange hamwe n’itumanaho rigana ku biro bya buri wese cyangwa aho kwakira abashyitsi.
Inzu z'Umuryango umwe (Umutekano Urushijeho Kubakwa):
Guhuza Irembo n'Irembo ry'Imbere:Sitasiyo y'umuryango irinda ikirere ku muryango w'imbere, ishobora no kuba irindi ku irembo ry'abanyamaguru. Imashini zigezweho mu gikoni, mu biro byo mu rugo, cyangwa mu cyumba cyo kuraramo.
Itumanaho rya Garage/Ahakorerwa Imyitozo:Sitasiyo iri muri gareji cyangwa mu iduka rito kugira ngo byoroshye kuvugana n'inzu nkuru.
Uduce tw'abarera abana/abarera abana:Inzu ntoya iri mu irerero cyangwa mu kigo cyigenga yemerera itumanaho ryihariye nta gutukana.
Ubucuruzi Buto:
Amaduka yo Kugurishamo:Itumanaho ryizewe hagati y’iduka ry’imigabane n’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa.
Resitora:Itumanaho hagati y'igikoni (substation) n'ikigo cyo imbere/ikigo cyakira abashyitsi (master).
Ibiro by'Ubuvuzi/Iby'Umwuga:Uburyo bwizewe bwo kwinjira kw'umurwayi/umushyitsi bugezwa ku mukozi wakira abantu.
Igenamiterere ry'inganda n'ububiko:
Kwinjira mu Irembo Ritekanye:Itumanaho hagati y'irembo n'inzugi zipakira imizigo cyangwa ahantu hafite umutekano imbere.
Itumanaho ry'ibanze ry'imbere mu mutima:Itumanaho ryizewe kandi ridafite amaboko mu buryo bwizewe mu gace k'urusaku hagati y'ibintu by'ingenzi (urugero, icyumba cyo kugenzura n'aho gukorera - hakoreshejwe sitasiyo z'inzira zidafite amaboko).
2-Wire vs. Isi ya none: Si Luddite, si umuhanga mu bya gahunda
Ni ngombwa gushyira insinga ebyiri neza:
Ugereranije n'inzogera z'ibanze zidafite insinga:Itanga amajwi meza cyane, ibiganiro byuzuye, ihuzwa n'ingufuri z'amashanyarazi, na sitasiyo nyinshi zo mu nzu. Yizewe kurusha Wi-Fi/RF ahantu hahurira abantu benshi cyangwa mu nkuta nini.
Ugereranije n'inzogera z'amarembo ya videwo ya IP:Ntiyahatanira gufata amashusho yo mu bicu, kumenyesha telefoni zigendanwa, cyangwa kumenya isura. Itsinda mu buryo butunguranyekwizerwa, kwigenga, koroshya, ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho, n'ubuzima bwite.Ni byiza cyane aho kugenzura neza uburyo bwo kwinjira ari ingenzi cyane kandi videwo ikaba iya kabiri cyangwa igafatwa ukwayo.
Ugereranije n'uburyo bugoye bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira hakoreshejwe IP:Ntabwo ari uburyo bwo gusimbuza sisitemu z'ibigo bifite abasoma amakarita, inzira zo kugenzura, n'imicungire y'imbuga nyinshi. Ni intwari muri gahunda yaitumanaho ryizewe kandi rihendutse ryo kwinjira no gusohora inzugi by'ibanzemu buryo buto kandi budagoye cyane.
Inguni "y'ubwenge": Guhuza mu buryo bw'ubwenge mu gihe cya none
Ntukibeshye ko ubworoherane ari ubupfapfa. Sisitemu zigezweho zifite insinga ebyiri zishobora gukora neza:
Sitasiyo za Videwo za Hybrid:Inganda nyinshi zitanga sitasiyo z'inzugi zifite kamera zohereza videwo y'ibanze ya analogi ku nsinga ebyiri zimwe kuri sitasiyo nkuru ijyanye nayo ifite ecran nto yubatswemo. Itanga igenzura ry'amashusho ridafite ubukana/ubugoranye bwa videwo yuzuye ya IP.
Modules za Smart Relay:Ongeraho module yoroshye yo gusimbuza kuri sisitemu. Ibi bishobora guterwa no gukanda inzogera y'umuryango cyangwa ikimenyetso cyo kurekura umuryango kiva kuri sitasiyo nkuru kikajya kuri:
Cana itara ryo ku rubaraza:Kumurikira inzira y'ubwinjiriro mu buryo bwikora ku bashyitsi nijoro.
Koresha Smart Plug:Shyira igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho (urugero, icyuma gikora ikawa mu biro iyo inzogera y'umuryango ivuze).
Ohereza Itangazo (Mu buryo butaziguye):Koresha relay kugira ngo utangire sensor yihariye y'ubutabazi bw'insinga cyangwa uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gushyiramo urubuga rwa IoT kugira ngo ukore imenyesha rya telefoni zigendanwa. Ni ikiraro cyoroshye.
Moduli zo gukoresha telefoni:Huza sisitemu ya intercom ku murongo usanzwe wa telefoni yo mu rugo, wemerera abantu bahamagara telefoni zo mu rugo guhamagara telefoni zo mu rugo cyangwa se kuzihamagara (imikorere yazo iratandukanye).
Guhitamo umukinnyi wawe wa 2-Wire: Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwitaho
Umubare wa sitasiyo:Ukeneye sitasiyo zingahe zo mu nzu (telefone)? Ni sitasiyo zingahe zo mu nzu? Menya neza ko sitasiyo nkuru ifite ubushobozi bukenewe.
Intera yo gukoresha insinga:Sisitemu zifite intera ntarengwa isabwa ku muyoboro wa daisy (urugero, metero 100 kugeza metero 500+). Reba uko insinga zose zigenda kuva kuri master zinyura kuri sitasiyo zose ugana kuri master (urangiza umuyoboro). Kurenga imipaka byangiza amajwi/amashusho.
Ireme ry'amajwi:Shaka imikorere ya Full-Duplex na DSP. Reba imiterere y'amajwi asubirwamo.
Ibisabwa ku ngufu:Voltage (AC/DC?), transformer, n'uburyo bwo kubika bateri. Menya neza ingufu zihagije ku ngufu zose zihujwe/zigomba gukubitwa.
Inkunga yo kurekura umuryango:Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi/amashanyarazi cyo gukoresha ingufu zawe zikoreshwa mu gufunga/gukubita amashanyarazi. Zimwe zitanga uburyo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo zorohe cyane.
Ubushobozi bwa Videwo (Niba Ubyifuza):Ese sisitemu irabishyigikira? Ni iyihe resolution? Ni ibara/B&W? Ecran ya sitasiyo nkuru nini?
Igishushanyo mbonera cya telefoni zigendanwa:Tekereza ku bwiza, gushyira ku rukuta ugereranyije n'aho ushyira amatafari, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha indangururamajwi mu ntoki.
Kuramba kwa sitasiyo y'umuryango:Igipimo cya IP mu kwirinda ikirere (urugero, IP54 cyangwa irenga), kurwanya kwangiza nibiba ngombwa, kureba nijoro ku bikoresho bya kamera.
Izina ry'ikirango n'ubufasha:Fata ubucuruzi buzwi cyane mu buryo bwo kugenzura ubwikorezi/intercom kugira ngo ubone ibikoresho bishya kandi ubone ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi (Aiphone, Comelit, Fermax, Bticino, Siedle ni abakinnyi bakomeye).
Ubwenge bwo Gushyiraho: Gukoresha neza Insinga ebyiri
Amahitamo ya Cable:Koresha insinga zizunguruka zagenewe by'umwihariko intercom (urugero, zikingiwe 18/2 cyangwa 22/2). Irinde ko zinyura iruhande rw'insinga z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo wirinde ko ijwi ry'umuvuduko ribangamirana.
Ihagarikwa:Guhuza neza kandi neza ni ingenzi. Koresha imiyoboro cyangwa imiyoboro ikwiye. Kurikiza neza igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga cy'igitabo.
Ingufu zo Gufunga Inzugi:Menya neza ko umuriro w'amashanyarazi ushyirwa ku gikoresho/icyuma uhagaze neza kandi uhujwe neza. Akenshi ni byiza gukoresha umuriro ukwawo, uterwa n'umurongo wa intercom.
Kurangiza gahunda:Wibuke ko ari umuyoboro. Insinga igomba kugaruka ivuye kuri sitasiyo ya nyuma ikagaruka kuri terminal ya master "LOOP IN/OUT".
Isuzuma:Gerageza amajwi, irekurwa ry'inzugi, na videwo neza (niba bishoboka) mbere yo kurangiza gushyiraho no gupakira inkuta.
Ivugurura ry'ejo hazaza: Guhumeka ubuzima bushya mu nsinga za kera
Iki ni igihangange gikomeye:Sisitemu zigezweho z'insinga ebyiri zishobora gukoresha insinga za interineti zisanzweho.Iyo sisitemu ishaje y’insinga 4 cyangwa iy’ibanze ya analog inaniwe, insinga zisanzwe ziri mu nkuta zishobora kuba zikwiriye sisitemu nshya y’insinga 2. Ibi birinda ikiguzi kinini n’ihungabana ryo kongera gukoresha insinga, bigatuma kuvugurura bihendutse cyane. Buri gihe banza urebe imiterere y’insinga n’uko zihuye.
Umwanzuro: Umurinzi Udashishoza
Interuro y'imirongo ibiri ntabwo ivuga cyane ku bijyanye n'ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa imikorere y'ibicu. Ifite icyizere cyoroheje, itanga ikintu cy'agaciro kurushaho mu isi y'ikoranabuhanga igenda irushaho kuba ingorabahizi kandi igenda icika intege:kwizerwa gukomeye, ubworoherane bwiza, n'umutekano ukomeye.Ni sisitemu y'itumanaho ikora iyo interineti idakora, iyo Wi-Fi ifunze, cyangwa iyo ukeneye uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvugana n'umuntu uri ku muryango ukamwinjiriza.
Ku mazu y'igorofa, ubucuruzi buto, amazu akingira, n'undi wese ushyira imberekugenzura byizewe uburyo bwo kwinjira ku bintu bidasanzwe, intercom y'insinga ebyiri ntabwo ishaje na gato. Ni igisubizo gigezweho, cyageragejwe igihe kirekire gitanga imikorere y'ibanze nta guhangayika cyane no kwihangana gukomeye. Mu gushaka amahoro nyayo yo mu mutima aho winjirira, rimwe na rimwe igisubizo kigezweho ni icyo kugabanya ingorane no gusubira ku by'ibanze - hamwe n'insinga ebyiri gusa. Ni umurinzi ucecetse, uhora ari ku kazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-05-2025