Intercom z'umuryango zifite irekurwa ry'umuryango: Ingaruka zihishe n'ubundi buryo bwizewe

Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga ry’inzu zigezweho ritanga icyizere cyo kubaho neza, uburyo bwo kuganiriza inzugi bufite aho bubohokera bwabaye ikintu gisanzwe mu mazu yo guturamo, mu ngo no mu miryango ifungirwa ku isi yose. Bicuruzwa nk'uruvange rw'uburyo bworoshye n'umutekano—bituma abaturage bashobora kugenzura abashyitsi no gufungura inzugi bari kure—ubu buryo bukunze gufatwa nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvugurura imibereho ya none.

Ariko, munsi y’uburyo bwabo bwiza bwo guhuza ibintu no kuzigama igihe, hari urukurikirane rw’ibibazo by’umutekano bikomeza kwiyongera, bigatera ingo kwibwa, kwinjira mu buryo butaboneye, kutubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ubuzima bwite, ndetse no gukomeretswa ku mubiri. Uko kwakira abana biyongera, ni ngombwa ko ba nyir’amazu, abacunga imitungo, n’abashinzwe umutekano bamenya izo ngaruka no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda.

1. Firmware ishaje: Irembo rituje ry'abajura b'amayeri

Imwe mu ntege nke zirengagizwa cyane muri sisitemu za intercom zo ku muryango ni firmware ishaje, ikomeje kuba intego y'abagizi ba nabi bo kuri interineti. Bitandukanye na telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa mudasobwa zigendanwa zikoresha uburyo bwo kuvugurura kenshi, sisitemu nyinshi za intercom—cyane cyane moderi zishaje—ntizikora uburyo bwo kuzihindura mu buryo bwikora. Abakora porogaramu bakunze guhagarika kuvugurura nyuma y'imyaka 2-3 gusa, bigatuma ibikoresho bigaragara ko bifite inenge mu mutekano zitarashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Abajura b’ikoranabuhanga bakoresha ibi cyuho binyuze mu bitero by’ingufu cyangwa bakoresheje protocole za kera nka HTTP connections zitari mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki. Mu 2023, ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga cyavumbuye inenge ikomeye mu kirango cya interineti kizwi cyane cyatumaga abagizi ba nabi badashobora kwemeza amakuru yabo binyuze mu kohereza ubusabe bwahinduwe bw’itumanaho. Bamaze kwinjira, bashoboraga gutuma umuryango usohoka mu buryo butaziguye bakinjira mu nyubako batabonye.

Abacunga imitungo bakunze kubyibasira cyane mu gutinda kuvugurura bitewe n’ibibazo by’ikiguzi cyangwa ubwoba bw’“abaturage babangamira.” Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Abacunga imitungo bwagaragaje ko 62% by’abaturage bakodesha basubika kuvugurura, batabigambiriye bagahindura intercoms ubutumire bufunguye ku binjira mu nzu.

2. Kwemeza bidahagije: Iyo "Password123" ibaye ikibazo cy'umutekano

Ndetse n'ibikoresho bya intercom bigezweho cyane birinzwe gusa n'amabwiriza yabyo yo kwemeza - kandi byinshi ntibikora neza. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2024 ku bigo 50 bikomeye bya intercom bwagaragaje ko:

• 78% bemerera amagambo y'ibanga adakomeye ari munsi y'inyuguti 8.

• 43% ntibafite uburyo bwo kwemeza ibintu bibiri (2FA) kugira ngo babone uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti mu buryo bwa kure.

• Moderi nyinshi zihendutse zoherezwa hamwe n'injira zisanzwe nka "admin123" cyangwa nimero y'uruhererekane rw'igikoresho.

Iyi ntege nke yatumye habaho ukwiyongera kw'abantu binjira mu buryo bw'amahirwe. Muri Chicago honyine, polisi yatangaje impanuka 47 mu 2023 aho abajura bakoresheje ijambo ry'ibanga ryakoreshejwe cyangwa ridafite imbaraga kugira ngo binjire mu birori byo kwiba amapaki. Hari ubwo abajura binjiraga mu mazu menshi mu ijoro rimwe batekereza ijambo ry'ibanga ry'abaturage nka “123456” cyangwa aderesi y'inyubako.

Ingaruka zijya kuri porogaramu zigendanwa. Porogaramu nyinshi za intercom zibika ibyangombwa byazo kuri telefoni zigendanwa. Iyo telefoni yatakaye cyangwa yibwe, umuntu wese uyifite ashobora kwinjira akonse rimwe gusa—nta mpamvu yo kugenzura ikoreshwa ryayo.

3. Guhungabanya imikorere y'ibikoresho: Gukoresha nabi ibikoresho

Nubwo ibyago by’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga byiganje mu makuru, kwibasira ikoranabuhanga biracyari uburyo busanzwe bwo kugaba ibitero. Intercom nyinshi zifite insinga zigaragara cyangwa udupira two ku ruhande dushobora guhindurwa kugira ngo turenge uburyo bwo kuzifunga.

Urugero, intercom zikoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo gusimbuza relay zishobora gutsindwa hakoreshejwe screwdriver na paperclip mu masegonda make—nta bumenyi buhanitse bukenewe. Abangiza kandi bibanda ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bafunga kamera cyangwa mikoro, bigatuma abaturage badashaka kugenzura abashyitsi mu buryo bw'amaso.

Mu Mujyi wa New York, 31% by'inyubako zo guturamo zagaragaje ko zangijwe ku mbuga za interineti mu 2023, bigatuma abacunga imitungo batakaza impuzandengo y'amadolari 800 kuri buri gusana, ndetse abapangayi basigara badafite uburyo bwo kwinjira mu mazu mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi.

4. Ingaruka ku buzima bwite: Iyo Intercom zirimo kuneka ba nyirazo

Uretse kwinjira mu buryo butemewe, intercom nyinshi zitera impungenge zikomeye ku buzima bwite bw'umuntu. Uburyo buhendutse akenshi ntibugira uburyo bwo gukingira amakuru kuva ku rundi ruhande kugeza ku rundi, bigatuma amashusho n'amajwi bifatwa mu buryo bwo kunyuramo.

Mu 2022, uruganda rukomeye rukora intercom rwahuye n’ibirego nyuma y’uko abajura binjiye muri seriveri zayo zitari zifite uburinzi, basohora amashusho y’ingo zisaga 10.000. Amashusho yari arimo abaturage bitwaje ibiribwa, binjira mu ngo zabo, cyangwa bavugana n’abagize imiryango yabo.

Nubwo haba hari uburyo bwo gushishoza, bumwe mu buryo bwo gusangira amakuru y'abakoresha mu ibanga n'ibigo by'isesengura ry'amakuru by'abandi. Iperereza ryakozwe mu 2023 na Consumer Reports ryagaragaje ko porogaramu 19 kuri 25 za intercom zakusanyije amakuru y'ibanga nk'amakuru y'aho umuntu aherereye, indangamuntu z'ibikoresho, n'uburyo bwo kwinjira—akenshi nta burenganzira bw'umukoresha bugaragara. Ibi bitera ibibazo ku bijyanye no kugenzura no kwinjiza amakuru mu mazu yo guturamo.

Uburyo bwo Kurinda Inzu Yawe: Intambwe Zifatika Ku Bacunga Umutungo n'Abaturage

Ingaruka zo gukoresha intercom z'umuryango zirimo kurekura inzugi zirahari—ariko zishobora gukemuka. Abaturage n'abayobozi b'inyubako bashobora gufata ingamba zo kwirinda:

1. Shyira imbere amakuru ajyanye na firmware

   • Abaturage: Reba urubuga rwa interineti rwa porogaramu yawe cyangwa urwa ruganda rwakoze porogaramu buri kwezi.

   • Abacunga imitungo: Teganya amakuru ajyanye n'igihembwe cyangwa ufatanye n'ibigo by'umutekano mu gutunganya amakuru mu buryo bwikora.

2. Kongera imbaraga mu kwemeza

   • Koresha amagambo y'ibanga afite inyuguti zirenga 12 hamwe n'ibimenyetso bivanze.

   • Koresha 2FA aho iboneka.

   • Subizamo kwinjira bisanzwe nyuma yo gushyiraho porogaramu.

3. Ibikoresho Bifite Umutekano

   • Ongeraho ibikoresho byo mu maso bidapfa kwangirika.

   • Guhisha cyangwa kurinda insinga zagaragaye.

   • Tekereza ku ngufuri za kabiri ku mitungo ishobora guteza akaga gakomeye.

4. Hitamo Sisitemu zishingiye ku buzima bwite

   • Hitamo abacuruzi bafite politiki yo gukingira amakuru isobanutse.

   • Irinde sisitemu zisangira amakuru y'abakoresha n'abandi bantu batabifitiye uburenganzira.

Umwanzuro: Korohereza abantu ntibigomba kubangamira umutekano

Intercom z'umuryango zifite inzugi zifunguye zahinduye imibereho yo mu rugo binyuze mu guhuza uburyo bworoshye bwo kwinjira no kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira. Nyamara intege nke zabyo—kuba firmware ishaje, ubushobozi buke bwo kugenzura, kwangiza imikorere y'amakuru, n'ingaruka zo kwirinda amakuru—bigaragaza ko uburyo bworoshye bwonyine budahagije.

Ku baturage, kuba maso bivuze kuvugurura imiterere y’aho ibintu biherereye, kubona ibyangombwa, no gutanga raporo ku bintu bitagenda neza. Ku bacunga imitungo, gushora imari muri sisitemu nziza kandi zibungabungwa buri gihe si ikiguzi gusa, ahubwo ni ngombwa.

Amaherezo, umutekano w’amazu agezweho ugomba gushyira imbere uburyo bwo korohereza no guhangana n’ibibazo. Sisitemu twiringira kurinda amazu yacu ntizigomba kuba ikintu kidakomeye kiyishyira mu kaga.