Incamake ya TL; DR

Sisitemu zo guhamagara amashusho zifite insinga ebyiri zohereza videwo, amajwi n'amashanyarazi binyuze mu nsinga imwe izunguruka, zitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyishyiramo ugereranije n'izindi nsinga nyinshi. Ibyiza by'ingenzi birimo kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gushyira insinga (40% munsi ya sisitemu zisanzwe), koroshya gutunganya inyubako zisanzwe, no guhuza ibikorwa remezo bya kera. Imbogamizi zirimo intera iri hagati ya metero 100 na 150, ubuziranenge bwa videwo buri hasi ugereranije naSisitemu za IP, hamwe n'ubushobozi buke bwo kwaguka.

Intangiriro: Gusobanukirwa ikoranabuhanga rya Intercom ya Videwo ifite insinga ebyiri

Sisitemu ya videwo ifite insinga ebyiri igaragaza imiterere y'itumanaho ihuza videwo, amajwi n'amashanyarazi ku mugozi umwe uzungurutse. Iri koranabuhanga rihuza icyuho kiri hagati ya sisitemu zisanzwe za analog n'ibisubizo bigezweho bishingiye kuri IP.

Nk’uko bitangazwa n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Ikoranabuhanga ry’Abaguzi (CTA), sisitemu ebyiri zigize 28% by’isoko ry’itumanaho ry’amakuru mu ngo, zifite agaciro ka miliyari 3.2 z’amadolari ku isi mu 2026.

Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bya digitale kugira ngo rivange amakuru menshi kuri conductor ebyiri. Bitandukanye na sisitemu zisanzwe z’insinga 4 cyangwa 6 zisaba inzira zitandukanye zo gukoresha amashusho, amajwi, ingufu, n’ibimenyetso byo kugenzura, sisitemu z’insinga 2 zikoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya inshuro cyangwa gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo zihuze iyi mikorere.

Ibyiza bya sisitemu ya Intercom ya Videwo ifite insinga ebyiri

Koroshya gushyiraho no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'abakozi

Ubuhanga bwo gushyiramo bugabanuka cyane bitewe na sisitemu z'insinga ebyiri. Ishyirahamwe ry'Igihugu ry'Abakora Ibyuma by'Amashanyarazi (NECA) rivuga ko amafaranga yo gukoresha abakozi ari hagati ya 35-45% ugereranije n'ayo gukoresha insinga nyinshi.

Abakora amashanyarazi bashyira insinga imwe mu gice cyo hagati cy’amashanyarazi kuri buri sitasiyo, bigabanyiriza umuyoboro w’amazi n’uburyo inkuta zinjiramo.

Guhuza ibikorwa remezo biriho

Sisitemu nyinshi z’insinga ebyiri zikoresha insinga zisanzwe za telefoni (Cat3) cyangwa insinga zigoswe zikunze kuboneka mu nyubako zubatswe nyuma ya 1980. Uku guhuza imikorere y’insinga bikuraho gukenera kongera gukoresha insinga mu gihe cyo kuvugurura insinga.

Izi sisitemu akenshi zikorana n'inzugi zisanzweho n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu, bikarinda ishoramari mu bikoresho bya kera.

Kugabanya Ikiguzi ku Bikoresho Bito Kuva ku Biciriritse

Ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya sisitemu z'insinga ebyiri kingana na $0.80-1.20 kuri futi ugereranije na $1.50-2.50 ku nsinga za coaxial cyangwa Ethernet.

Ku nyubako y’amazu 50, iri tandukaniro rishobora kuba hagati y’amadolari 2,000 na 3,500 mu kuzigama insinga gusa. Iyo bihujwe n’amasaha y’akazi yagabanutse, ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho kigabanukaho 30-40% ugereranyije n’andi mahitamo ashingiye kuri IP.

Inzitizi n'ibikwiye kwitabwaho

Imbibi z'intera n'ubwiza bw'ibimenyetso

Sisitemu z'insinga ebyiri zihura n'imbogamizi ku ntera. Ubusanzwe insinga zishobora gukoreshwa hagati ya metero 100 na 150 bitewe n'uburyo insinga zikoreshwa n'uburyo zikoreshwa.

Uretse izi ntera, kwangirika kw'amajwi bigira ingaruka ku ireme rya videwo no ku buryo sisitemu yizewe. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya TIA-568 bitanga amabwiriza yo guhitamo insinga kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bw'intera.

Imbibi z'ubushobozi bwo gukemura amashusho

Imipaka ya bandwidth kuri sisitemu zifite insinga ebyiri igabanya ubushobozi bwa videwo kuri 480p-720p mu bikorwa byinshi. Nubwo bihagije kugira ngo umuntu amenye neza abashyitsi, ubu buryo ntibungana n'ubushobozi bwa 1080p cyangwa 4K butangwa na sisitemu zishingiye kuri IP.

Gutahura isura no gufata plaque bisaba ubushobozi bwo hejuru budashobora kuboneka binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga risanzwe rya 2-thread.

Imbogamizi zo kwaguka no guhuza

Kwaguka birenze umubare w’ibikoresho byagenwe n’uruganda bisaba gusimbuza sisitemu aho kuvugurura buhoro buhoro. Guhuza na sisitemu zo kugenzura kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga, CCTV, cyangwa imicungire y’inyubako biracyari bike ugereranyije n’izindi nzira zishingiye kuri IP zikoresha protocole zisanzwe nka ONVIF cyangwa SIP.

Igereranya rya Tekiniki: Sisitemu za Intercom za 2-Wire vs IP

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho porogaramu za videwo zifite insinga ebyiri

Ibisabwa mu guhitamo insinga n'igipimo

Hitamo insinga ya 18-22 AWG izunguruka kugira ngo uyikoreshe mu ntera iri munsi ya metero 100. Ku ntera yegereye metero 150, koresha 16 AWG kugira ngo ugabanye igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi.

Insinga zirinda zigabanya ingaruka mbi z'amashanyarazi mu bidukikije hakoreshejwe amatara ashyushye cyangwa ibikoresho bya moteri. Ingingo ya 725 ya NEC itanga ibisabwa ku mabwiriza ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi yo mu cyiciro cya 2 ikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bya intercom.

Ibitekerezo ku birebana na Polarity no kurangiza

Gukomeza polarity ihoraho mu gihe cyose cyo gushyiraho. Gusubiza inyuma ibyuma biyobora amashanyarazi aho ari ho hose bibuza sisitemu gukora neza.

Koresha insinga ifite ibara ry'amabara (ubusanzwe itukura/umukara cyangwa ubururu/umweru) kugira ngo umenye neza aho ikoreshwa. Hagarika imiyoboro ukoresheje imiyoboro yagenwe n'uwakoze cyangwa ibice bya terminal byagenwe kuri gauge y'insinga.

Kubara Ingufu n'Igabanuka ry'Umuvuduko w'Ingufu

Kubara igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi ukoresheje formula:

VD = (2 x L x I x R) / 1000

Aho:

• L = uburebure bw'insinga mu birenge
• I = umuriro muri amperes
• R = uburinzi bw'insinga kuri metero 1000

Gumana ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuri sitasiyo bitarenze 10% by'ibyagenwe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ese nshobora kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga kuva kuri analog nkajya kuri 2-wire ntasimbuje insinga zose?

Yego, sisitemu z'insinga ebyiri zikunze gukoresha insinga za telefoni cyangwa intercom zisanzweho. Genzura imiterere y'insinga kandi urebe neza niba zihuye mbere yo gukomeza. Sisitemu zikoresha Cat3 cyangwa insinga zigonganye zashyizweho nyuma ya 1990 zikunze gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'insinga ebyiri zidasubiramo insinga.

Ni umubare ntarengwa wa sitasiyo zishyigikiwe ni uwuhe?

Ubushobozi buratandukanye bitewe n'uruganda n'imiterere ya sisitemu. Sisitemu zo ku rwego rwo hejuru zifasha sitasiyo 8-16. Sisitemu z'abahanga zakira ibikoresho 50-100. Kurenga ku bipimo by'uruganda bitera amakosa mu itumanaho no kwangirika kw'ireme rya videwo.

Ese sisitemu z'insinga ebyiri zishyigikira gufata amashusho?

Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zifite insinga ebyiri zirimo imashini za SD zo gufata amashusho yo mu gace runaka kuri sitasiyo nkuru. Ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho mu bicu busaba sisitemu zifite module zo guhuza umuyoboro. Gufata amashusho buri gihe bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko wa sisitemu kandi bishobora kugabanya ubuziranenge bwa videwo mu gihe nyacyo.

Ese intercom z'insinga ebyiri zishobora guhuzwa n'ingufuri z'inzugi zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi?

Inyinshi muri moniteri zo mu nzu zifite insinga ebyiri zirimo imiyoboro yo kurekura inzugi. Huza ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyangwa ingufu za rukuruzi ukoresheje amashanyarazi atandukanye angana n'uko igikoresho gifunga gikura. Emeza ko voltage ihuye (ubusanzwe ni 12VDC cyangwa 24VDC).

Nigute nakemura ibibazo by'ubuziranenge bwa videwo?

Reba intera y'insinga kugira ngo urebe aho zishyirwa. Pima voltage kuri sitasiyo kugira ngo wemeze ko ingufu zitangwa neza. Genzura ko nta kwangirika cyangwa ko zirekuye. Gutandukanya insinga za intercom n'insinga zifite voltage nyinshi byibuze santimetero 12 kugira ngo wirinde ko zibangamirana.

Umwanzuro: Guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye

Sisitemu zo guhamagara amashusho zifite insinga ebyiri zitanga ibisubizo bifatika ku bijyanye no gushyiramo ibikoresho mu ngo no mu bucuruzi buto aho gukoresha amafaranga make no koroshya gushyiraho ibikoresho biruta ibisabwa mu buryo bugezweho.

Ikoranabuhanga rirakora neza mu bijyanye no kongera gukoresha no gutunganya ibidukikije hamwe n'ibikorwaremezo bihari bya twisted pair. Gusobanukirwa imbogamizi bifasha gufata ibyemezo bifatika iyo ugereranije uburyo bwo gukoresha insinga ebyiri ugereranije na sisitemu zishingiye kuri IP.

Witeguye kuvugurura sisitemu yawe ya intercom?Suzuma ibyacuIbisubizo bya videwo bya IP bifite insinga ebyiri or hamagara impuguke zacukugira ngo ubone inama ku buntu.